(Solution) Also answer this question and answer it separate from this two essays.
Write your personal statement and include your question on each easy and please separate your answer on each essay below.Also answer this question and answer it separate from this two essays.ESSAY #1Is current immigration policy seriously treated as a national security issue? How was it treated prior to 9/11? The government since the 9/11 attacks have tried to use immigration enforcement as a way to fight terrorism. The 9/11 attackers were not illegal immigrants, they were in the U.S. on legal temporary visas, but because they were foreigners, people think they were here illegally. Because of the 9/11 attacks, the Department of Homeland Security was created and would oversee the Immigration agencies and would have an increased budget, also spending on deportations increased as well as deporting criminals. One of the major policy changes was to use local police officers to enforce immigration laws. Obama administration launched Secure Communities in 2008, which required local law enforcement to share fingerprints of arrested with Homeland Security and if the person had an immigration hold, the local law enforcement had to hold the person until Federal immigration authorities arrived (Hesson 2012).What does open, but closed borders mean? An open border means that people are free to cross back and forth without any restrictions and a closed border is just the opposite; completely prevents the movement of people across a border. An open but closed border implies that the border is controlled and that people are screened and has to meet certain requirements like a visa for example. The border between the U.S. and Mexico falls under this definition. It is the busiest border in the world with more than 350 million legal crossings per year (Hornberger 2012).What does Customs border authority entail? U.S. Customs and Border Patrol agents have the authority to conduct searches at ports of entry; they don’t need probable cause or warrants to conduct these searches. They also have the authority to conduct searches between ports of entry and reasonable distances from any border of the U.S., which is 100 miles from the border and on private lands up to 25 miles away from the border. CBP agents have the authority to interrogate noncitizens without a warrant and have the authority to make arrest for immigration and non-immigration offenses (American Immigration Council 2012).What is the functional equivalent of the border? An international airport receiving flights from another country is a “functional equivalent of the border,” and the luggage can be searched without any suspicion or warrants (CBP n.d.).What are border searches under the fourth amendment? Border searches must be reasonable, even though they are the exception to the probable cause and warrant requirements of the Fourth Amendment. Border searches are allowed in order to protect the revenue of the United States, for example, duties and taxes on imported goods. There is also a reduced expectation of privacy at the border; everyone is subject to a search when entering a country. A search for property that a duty is owed on and a Nation has the right to protect itself by searching for prohibited items (Customs Border Patrol n.d.).Works CitedAmerican Immigration Council. "Authority of U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agents: An Overview." American Immigration Council. Feb 23, 2012. http://www.immigrationpolicy.org/just-facts/authority-us-customs-and-border-protection-agents-overview (accessed Nov 4, 2015).CBP. The Border, Functional Equivalent of the Border, Extended Border. DHS, United States Customs Academy, Glynco, Georgia: United States Customs Academy.Customs Border Patrol. Border Authority. Department of Homeland Defense, United States Customs Academy, Glynco, Georgia: United States Customs Academy.Hesson, Ted. "Five Ways Immigration System Changed After 9/11." ABC News. September 11, 2012. http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/News/ways-immigration-system-changed-911/story?id=17231590 (accessed November 4, 2015).Hornberger, Jacob G. "OPEN BORDERS DOESN’T MEAN NO BORDERS." The Future of Freedom Foundation. Feb 1, 2012. http://fff.org/2012/02/01/open-borders-doesnt-borders/ (accessed Nov 4, 2015). ESSAY #21.) Is current immigration policy seriously treated as a national security issue? How was it treated prior to 9/11? With regards to President Obama’s currently implemented immigration policy, immigration policy is not being treated as a national security issue. While border wars are still a continuing threat, much of what President Obama has tried to do in regard to thwarting illegal border travel has been ineffective. The programs such as the DREAM Act allow young illegal immigrants to stay in the country, defeating the purpose of legally immigrating into the country. Much like before 9/11, border travel has been a topic of discussion, but not a topic that any wants to actually tackle. 2.) What does open, but closed borders mean? Essentially, while the United States and Mexico are growing in terms of trade between the two countries, the United States is trying desperately to stop the influx of illegal immigrants and illegal drugs into the country. To combat these “diseases” the United States is building up every facet of border protection; walls, border patrol, better audio and video tracking for surveillance, etc. According to Andreas (2009) the two most important exports for Mexico are illegal aliens and drug smuggling, and they are what the United States is having to invest in deterring and defeating (Andreas 2009, pg. xi - Preface).3.) What does Customs border authority entail? The United States Customs border authority entails many different things. To begin, a border agent can ask anyone who is trying to enter the country what their purpose in the country is, what their citizenship status is, what they are bringing into the country, and they are authorized to search vehicles suspected of having illegal items on board. They may also inspect personal belongings such as bags. While some have argued that this search and seizure routine is against constitutional rights, the Supreme Court has ruled that it does not infringe on anyone’s fourth amendment rights (CBP 2015).4.) What is the functional equivalent of the border? The functional equivalent of the border are defined by law as any access to the territorial boundaries of the United States of America, to include sea, air, and land (CBP 1999). Essentially if you’re trying to enter the United States anywhere, port or otherwise, you are crossing the functional equivalent of the border. 5.) What are border searches under the fourth amendment? Under the fourth amendment, border searches are completely legal as they represent a special circumstance and apply to roles of national security. In protecting the interests of the United States, unwarranted searches are legal and authorized due to the influx of drugs and other illegal items into the United States (CBP 1999). Andreas, P. (2009). Border Games: Policing the U.S.-Mexico Divide (2nd Edition). Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell University Press. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.comCBP. (1999). Border Authority. United States Customs Academy, Glynco, Georgia. /access/content/group/security-and-global-studies- common/Homeland%20Security/HLSS311/Border_2BSearch_2BAuthority.pdfCBP. (1999). The Border, Functional Equivalent of the Border, Extended Border. United States Customs Academy. Glynco, Georgia. /access/content/group/security-and-global-studies-common/Homeland%20Security/HLSS311/CBP%20Extended%20Border.pdfCBP. (2015). CBP Search Authority. CBP Information Center. https://help.cbp.gov/app/answers/detail/a_id/176/~/cbp-search-authority
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